Taxon: Lolium perenne L.

Summary

Genus:

Lolium

Family:

Poaceae (alt. Gramineae)

Subfamily:

Pooideae

Tribe:

Poeae

Subtribe:

Loliinae

Nomen number:

22494

Place of publication:

Sp. pl. 1:83. 1753

Protologue link:

https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/358102

Typification:

View in Linnean Typification Project

Verified:

05/08/1992 ARS Systematic Botanists.

Accessions:

675 (490 active, 456 available) in National Plant Germplasm System. (Map it)

Other conspecific taxa

Autonyms (not in current use), synonyms and invalid designations

Autonym(s)
Lolium perenne L. subsp. perenne

Heterotypic Synonym(s)
Lolium boucheanum Kunth
Lolium marschallii Steven

No images

Reference(s)

University of Georgia Center for Invasive Species and Ecosystem Health
Afonin, A. N., S. L. Greene, N. I. Dzyubenko, & A. N. Frolov, eds. Interactive agricultural ecological atlas of Russia and neighboring countries. Economic plants and their diseases, pests and weeds (on-line resource).
Aldén, B., S. Ryman, & M. Hjertson. 2012. Svensk Kulturväxtdatabas, SKUD (Swedish Cultivated and Utility Plants Database; online resource)
Alderson, J. & W. C. Sharp. 1995. Grass varieties in the United States, U.S.D.A. Agric. Handb. 170, rev. ed. CRC Press. Note: Revised version of AH 170
Ali, S. I. & S. M. H. Jafri, eds. 1976-. Flora of Libya.
APHIS. Agricultural Risk Management System United States Department of Agriculture.
Arechavaleta, M. et al., coords. 2009. Lista de especies silvestres de Canarias: hongos, plantas y animales terrestres
Bor, N. L. 1960. The grasses of Burma, Ceylon, India, and Pakistan.
Boulos, L. & M. N. El-Hadidi. 1984. The weeds of Egypt.
Boulos, L. 1995. Flora of Egypt checklist.
Boulos, L. 1999-. Flora of Egypt
CIBA-GEIGY, Basel, Switzerland. Documenta CIBA-GEIGY (Grass weeds 1. 1980, 2. 1981; Monocot weeds 3. 1982; Dicot weeds 1. 1988) Note: four books on weeds worldwide in scope
Cooper, M. R. & A. W. Johnson. 1998. Poisonous plants and fungi in Britain: animal and human poisoning Note: poisonous
Darbyshire, S. J. 2003. Inventory of Canadian Agricultural Weeds Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. 30.
Davis, P. H., ed. 1965-1988. Flora of Turkey and the east Aegean islands.
Erhardt, W. et al. 2008. Der große Zander: Enzyklopädie der Pflanzennamen 1524.
Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). 2010. Ecocrop (on-line resource).
Germishuizen, G. & N. L. Meyer, eds. 2003. Plants of southern Africa: an annotated checklist. Strelitzia 14
Hansen, A. & P. Sunding. 1993. Flora of Macaronesia: checklist of vascular plants, ed. 4. Sommerfeltia vol. 17.
Henderson, L. 2001. Alien weeds and invasive plants: a complete guide to declared weeds and invaders in South Africa. Plant Protection Research Institute, Handbook 12
Hnatiuk, R. J. 1990. Census of Australian vascular plants. Australian Flora and Fauna Series No. 11.
Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry. Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER): plant threats to Pacific ecosystems (on-line resource).
International Seed Testing Association. 1982. A Multilingual Glossary of Common Plant-Names 1. Field crops, grasses and vegetables, ed. 2.
Kellerman, T. S. et al. 1988. Plant poisonings and mycotoxicoses of livestock in Southern Africa Note: poisonous
Kingsbury, J. M. 1964. Poisonous plants of the United States and Canada. Note: poisonous
Markle, G. M. et al., eds. 1998. Food and feed crops of the United States, ed. 2
Mun-Chan, B. et al. 1986. A checklist of the Korean cultivated plants. Kulturpflanze 34:106.
Nasir, E. & S. I. Ali, eds. 1970-. Flora of [West] Pakistan.
Ohwi, J. 1965. Flora of Japan (Engl. ed.).
Personal Care Products Council. INCI
Porcher, M. H. et al. Searchable World Wide Web Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database (MMPND) (on-line resource).
Rechinger, K. H., ed. 1963-. Flora iranica.
Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
Silva, L. et al. 2005. Listagem da fauna e flora terrestres dos Açores. Lista des plantas vasculares (Pteridophyta e Spermatophyta).
Skvortsov, A. K., ed. 2006. Flora of the Lower Volga region 1:231.
Soreng, R. J. et al. 2003. Catalogue of New World grasses (Poaceae): IV. Subfamily Pooideae. Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 48:428.
Terrell, E. E. 1968. A taxonomic revision of the genus Lolium. Techn. Bull. U.S.D.A. 1392:7.
Townsend, C. C. & E. Guest. 1966-. Flora of Iraq.
Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964-1980. Flora europaea.
Tzvelev, N. N. 1976. Zlaki SSSR
University of California Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education Program. UC SAREP on-line cover crop database (on-line resource).
Weber, E. 2003. Invasive plant species of the world: a reference guide to environmental weeds
Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
Zohary, M. & N. Feinbrun-Dothan. 1966-. Flora palaestina.

Common names

LANGUAGE	NAME	NOTE	SEQ	CITATION
English	English ryegrass		1	Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
English	perennial ryegrass		1	Wiersema, J. H. & B. León. 1999. World economic plants: a standard reference CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
Afrikaans	meerjarige raaigras		2	Henderson, L. 2001. Alien weeds and invasive plants: a complete guide to declared weeds and invaders in South Africa. Plant Protection Research Institute, Handbook 12
Arabic	gazun		2	Boulos, L. & M. N. El-Hadidi. 1984. The weeds of Egypt.
English (Canada)	perennial rye grass	Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada official name	2	Darbyshire, S. J. 2003. Inventory of Canadian Agricultural Weeds Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. 30.
French	ivraie vivace		2	Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
French	ray-grass anglais		2	Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
French (Canada)	ivraie vivace	Agriculture & Agroalimentaire Canada nom officiel	2	Darbyshire, S. J. 2003. Inventory of Canadian Agricultural Weeds Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. 30.
German	deutsches Weidelgras		2	Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
German	englisches Raygras		2	Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
Italian	loglio perenne		2	International Seed Testing Association. 1982. A Multilingual Glossary of Common Plant-Names 1. Field crops, grasses and vegetables, ed. 2.
Japanese Rōmaji	hoso-mugi		2	Ohwi, J. 1965. Flora of Japan (Engl. ed.).
Portuguese	azevém-vivaz		2	Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
Portuguese	lólio-perenne		2	Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
Spanish	ballico perenne		2	Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
Spanish	césped inglés		2	Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
Spanish	raygras		2	Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
Swedish	engelskt rajgräs		2	Aldén, B., S. Ryman, & M. Hjertson. 2012. Svensk Kulturväxtdatabas, SKUD (Swedish Cultivated and Utility Plants Database; online resource)
Transcribed Chinese	hei mai cao		2	Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
Transcribed Korean	homilpul		2	Mun-Chan, B. et al. 1986. A checklist of the Korean cultivated plants. Kulturpflanze 34:106.

Distribution

order_code	Status	Continent	Subcontinent	Country	State	Note
1	Native			Romania
1	Native	Africa	Macaronesia	Portugal	Madeira Islands
1	Native	Africa	Macaronesia	Spain	Canary Islands
1	Native	Africa	Northern Africa	Algeria
1	Native	Africa	Northern Africa	Egypt
1	Native	Africa	Northern Africa	Libya
1	Native	Africa	Northern Africa	Morocco
1	Native	Africa	Northern Africa	Tunisia
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Arabian Peninsula	Saudi Arabia
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Caucasus	Armenia
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Caucasus	Azerbaijan
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Caucasus	Georgia
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Caucasus	Russian Federation	Dagestan
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Caucasus	Russian Federation-Ciscaucasia	Ciscaucasia
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Western Asia	Afghanistan
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Western Asia	Cyprus
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Western Asia	Egypt	Sinai
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Western Asia	Iran
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Western Asia	Iraq
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Western Asia	Israel
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Western Asia	Jordan
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Western Asia	Lebanon
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Western Asia	Syria
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Western Asia	Turkey
1	Native	Asia-Tropical	Indian Subcontinent	India		n.w.
1	Native	Asia-Tropical	Indian Subcontinent	Pakistan
1	Native	Europe	Eastern Europe	Belarus
1	Native	Europe	Eastern Europe	Moldova
1	Native	Europe	Eastern Europe	Russian Federation	Astrakhan
1	Native	Europe	Eastern Europe	Russian Federation	Kalmykia
1	Native	Europe	Eastern Europe	Russian Federation	Saratov
1	Native	Europe	Eastern Europe	Russian Federation	Volgograd
1	Native	Europe	Eastern Europe	Russian Federation-European part	European part	s.w.
1	Native	Europe	Eastern Europe	Ukraine		incl. Krym
1	Native	Europe	Middle Europe	Austria
1	Native	Europe	Middle Europe	Belgium
1	Native	Europe	Middle Europe	Czech Republic
1	Native	Europe	Middle Europe	Germany
1	Native	Europe	Middle Europe	Hungary
1	Native	Europe	Middle Europe	Netherlands
1	Native	Europe	Middle Europe	Poland
1	Native	Europe	Middle Europe	Slovakia
1	Native	Europe	Middle Europe	Switzerland
1	Native	Europe	Northern Europe	Denmark
1	Native	Europe	Northern Europe	Ireland
1	Native	Europe	Northern Europe	Norway
1	Native	Europe	Northern Europe	Sweden
1	Native	Europe	Northern Europe	United Kingdom
1	Native	Europe	Southeastern Europe	Albania
1	Native	Europe	Southeastern Europe	Bulgaria
1	Native	Europe	Southeastern Europe	Croatia
1	Native	Europe	Southeastern Europe	Greece		incl. Crete
1	Native	Europe	Southeastern Europe	Italy		incl. Sardinia, Sicily
1	Native	Europe	Southeastern Europe	Serbia
1	Native	Europe	Southeastern Europe	Slovenia
1	Native	Europe	Southwestern Europe	France		incl. Corsica
1	Native	Europe	Southwestern Europe	Portugal
1	Native	Europe	Southwestern Europe	Spain
2	Cultivated					also cult.
4	Naturalized	Africa	Macaronesia	Portugal	Azores
4	Naturalized	Africa	Southern Africa	Lesotho
4	Naturalized	Africa	Southern Africa	South Africa
4	Naturalized	Africa	Western Indian Ocean	British Indian Ocean Terr	Diego Garcia
4	Naturalized	Africa	Western Indian Ocean	Mauritius
4	Naturalized	Africa	Western Indian Ocean	Reunion
4	Naturalized	Australasia	Australia	Australia
4	Naturalized	Australasia	New Zealand	New Zealand
4	Naturalized	Northern America		Canada
4	Naturalized	Northern America		Mexico
4	Naturalized	Northern America		United States
4	Naturalized	Northern America	Subarctic America	Greenland
4	Naturalized	Pacific	North-Central Pacific	United States	Hawaii
4	Naturalized	Pacific	Southwestern Pacific	New Caledonia
4	Naturalized	Southern America	Brazil	Brazil
4	Naturalized	Southern America	Caribbean	West Indies
4	Naturalized	Southern America	Central America	Costa Rica
4	Naturalized	Southern America	Central America	Guatemala
4	Naturalized	Southern America	Central America	Honduras
4	Naturalized	Southern America	Central America	Panama
4	Naturalized	Southern America	Northern South America	French Guiana
4	Naturalized	Southern America	Southern South America	Argentina
4	Naturalized	Southern America	Southern South America	Chile
4	Naturalized	Southern America	Southern South America	Uruguay
4	Naturalized	Southern America	Western South America	Bolivia
4	Naturalized	Southern America	Western South America	Ecuador
4	Naturalized	Southern America	Western South America	Peru

Native

REGION:

Africa

MACARONESIA: Spain [Canary Islands], Portugal [Madeira Islands]
NORTHERN AFRICA: Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia

Asia-Temperate

ARABIAN PENINSULA: Saudi Arabia
WESTERN ASIA: Afghanistan, Cyprus, Egypt [Sinai], Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, Turkey
CAUCASUS: Russian Federation-Ciscaucasia [Ciscaucasia], Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Russian Federation [Dagestan]

Asia-Tropical

INDIAN SUBCONTINENT: India (n.w.), Pakistan

Europe

NORTHERN EUROPE: Denmark, United Kingdom, Ireland, Norway, Sweden
MIDDLE EUROPE: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Switzerland, Netherlands, Poland, Slovakia
EASTERN EUROPE: Russian Federation-European part [European part (s.w.)], Belarus, Moldova, Russian Federation [Astrakhan, Kalmykia, Saratov, Volgograd], Ukraine (incl. Krym)
SOUTHEASTERN EUROPE: Albania, Bulgaria, Greece (incl. Crete), Croatia, Italy (incl. Sardinia, Sicily), Serbia, Slovenia
SOUTHWESTERN EUROPE: Spain, France (incl. Corsica), Portugal

Cultivated (also cult.)
Naturalized
Africa

MACARONESIA: Portugal [Azores]
SOUTHERN AFRICA: Lesotho, South Africa
WESTERN INDIAN OCEAN: British Indian Ocean Terr [Diego Garcia], Mauritius, Reunion

Australasia

AUSTRALIA: Australia
NEW ZEALAND: New Zealand

Northern America

SUBARCTIC AMERICA: Greenland
REGION: Canada, Mexico, United States

Pacific

NORTH-CENTRAL PACIFIC: United States [Hawaii]
SOUTHWESTERN PACIFIC: New Caledonia

Southern America

CARIBBEAN: West Indies
CENTRAL AMERICA: Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Panama
NORTHERN SOUTH AMERICA: French Guiana
BRAZIL: Brazil
WESTERN SOUTH AMERICA: Bolivia, Ecuador, Peru
SOUTHERN SOUTH AMERICA: Argentina, Chile, Uruguay

Economic Uses

Usage	Type	Note	Reference
Animal food	fodder		Alderson, J. & W. C. Sharp. 1995. Grass varieties in the United States, U.S.D.A. Agric. Handb. 170, rev. ed. CRC Press. Note: Revised version of AH 170
Animal food	forage		Alderson, J. & W. C. Sharp. 1995. Grass varieties in the United States, U.S.D.A. Agric. Handb. 170, rev. ed. CRC Press. Note: Revised version of AH 170
Environmental	erosion control		University of California Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education Program. UC SAREP on-line cover crop database (on-line resource).
Environmental	lawn/turf	used in mixtures for lawns	Alderson, J. & W. C. Sharp. 1995. Grass varieties in the United States, U.S.D.A. Agric. Handb. 170, rev. ed. CRC Press. Note: Revised version of AH 170
Environmental	ornamental		Weber, E. 2003. Invasive plant species of the world: a reference guide to environmental weeds
Environmental	soil improver		University of California Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education Program. UC SAREP on-line cover crop database (on-line resource).
Vertebrate poisons	mammals		Kingsbury, J. M. 1964. Poisonous plants of the United States and Canada. Note: poisonous
Vertebrate poisons	mammals		Kellerman, T. S. et al. 1988. Plant poisonings and mycotoxicoses of livestock in Southern Africa Note: poisonous
Vertebrate poisons	mammals		Cooper, M. R. & A. W. Johnson. 1998. Poisonous plants and fungi in Britain: animal and human poisoning Note: poisonous
Weed	potential seed contaminant		CIBA-GEIGY, Basel, Switzerland. Documenta CIBA-GEIGY (Grass weeds 1. 1980, 2. 1981; Monocot weeds 3. 1982; Dicot weeds 1. 1988) Note: four books on weeds worldwide in scope
Weed	potential seed contaminant		Weber, E. 2003. Invasive plant species of the world: a reference guide to environmental weeds

Cite as: USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Plant Germplasm System. 2023. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN Taxonomy). National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
URL: https://grinczech.vurv.cz/gringlobal/taxon/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=22494. Accessed 7 December 2023.