Summary
Place of publication:
Sp. pl. 1:59. 1753
Verified:
05/12/1992
ARS Systematic Botanists.
Autonyms (not in current use), synonyms and invalid designations
Reference(s)
- University of Georgia Center for Invasive Species and Ecosystem Health
- Afonin, A. N., S. L. Greene, N. I. Dzyubenko, & A. N. Frolov, eds. Interactive agricultural ecological atlas of Russia and neighboring countries. Economic plants and their diseases, pests and weeds (on-line resource).
- Aldén, B., S. Ryman, & M. Hjertson. 2012. Svensk Kulturväxtdatabas, SKUD (Swedish Cultivated and Utility Plants Database; online resource) www.skud.info
- Alderson, J. & W. C. Sharp. 1995. Grass varieties in the United States, U.S.D.A. Agric. Handb. 170, rev. ed. CRC Press. Note: Revised version of AH 170
- APHIS. Agricultural Risk Management System United States Department of Agriculture.
- Ashikaga, K. et al. 2012. Evaluating the genotype × nitrogen fertilization interaction on the nutritive value of the first crop in timothy (Phleum pratense L.) clones. Grassland Sci. 58:37-41.
- Bor, N. L. 1960. The grasses of Burma, Ceylon, India, and Pakistan.
- Davis, P. H., ed. 1965-1988. Flora of Turkey and the east Aegean islands.
- Demilly, D. et al. 1996. Liste alphabétique des principales espèces de plantes cultivées et de mauvaises herbes. Noms latins et noms français, ed. 6. Note: GEVES-SNES, Beaucouzé, France
- Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
- Fedorov, A. A., ed. 1999-. Flora of Russia. The European part and bordering regions (Engl. transl.).
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). 2010. Ecocrop (on-line resource).
- Forzza, R. C. et al., coord. Lista de espécies da flora do Brasil (on-line resource). Note: unknown in the country
- Gilbert, L. 2002. pers. comm.
- Grierson, A. J. C. & D. J. Long. 1984-. Flora of Bhutan including a record of plants from Sikkim.
- Hanson, C. G. & J. L. Manson. 1985. Bird seed aliens in Britain. Watsonia 15:237-252.
- Hitchcock, A. S. 1950. Manual of the grasses of the United States, ed. 2.
- Hoang, H.-D. et al. 1997. Additional notes to the checklist of Korean cultivated plants (5). Consolidated summary and indexes. Genet. Resources Crop Evol. 44:367.
- Howell, C. J. & J. W. D. Sawyer. 2006. New Zealand naturalised vascular plant checklist
- Huxley, A., ed. 1992. The new Royal Horticultural Society dictionary of gardening
- Instituto de Botánica Darwinion. 2008. Flora del Conosur. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares. Note: adventive
- Integrated Botanical Information System (IBIS). Australian plant common name database (on-line resource).
- International Seed Testing Association. 1982. A Multilingual Glossary of Common Plant-Names 1. Field crops, grasses and vegetables, ed. 2.
- Kartesz, J. T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. Note: with two subspecies
- Koyama, T. 1987. Grasses of Japan and its neighboring regions 202.
- Krasnoborov, I. M., ed. 2000-. Flora of Siberia (English translation)
- Markle, G. M. et al., eds. 1998. Food and feed crops of the United States, ed. 2
- Mun-Chan, B. et al. 1986. A checklist of the Korean cultivated plants. Kulturpflanze 34:117.
- Ohwi, J. 1965. Flora of Japan (Engl. ed.).
- Randall, R. P. 2007. The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status.
- Rechinger, K. H., ed. 1963-. Flora iranica.
- Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
- Seed Regulatory and Testing Division, Agricultural Marketing Service, U.S.D.A. State noxious-weed seed requirements recognized in the administration of the Federal Seed Act (updated annually).
- Skvortsov, A. K., ed. 2006. Flora of the Lower Volga region 1:153-154.
- Soreng, R. J. et al. 2003. Catalogue of New World grasses (Poaceae): IV. Subfamily Pooideae. Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 48:493.
- Stewart, A. V. et al. 2009. Genomic and geographic origins of Timothy (Phleum sp.) based on ITS and chloroplast sequences. Molecular breeding of forage and turf 71-80. Note: this study discussed the origin and distribution of 2x, 4x, 6x and 8x populations recognized in two subspecies
- Tanaka, T. et al. 2011. DNA profiling of seed parents and topcross tester and its application for yield improvement in Timothy (Phleum pratense L.). Crop Sci. (Madison) 51:612-620.
- Townsend, C. C. & E. Guest. 1966-. Flora of Iraq. Note: mentions
- Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964-1980. Flora europaea. Note: with two subspecies
- Tzvelev, N. N. 1976. Zlaki SSSR
- Wagner, W. L. et al. Flora of the Hawaiian Islands (on-line resource).
- Weber, E. 2003. Invasive plant species of the world: a reference guide to environmental weeds
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- 2018. Mid-Atlantic invasive plant species (on-line resource)
Common names
English
meadow cat's-tail – timothy – timothy grass – French
fléole des près – German
Timotheegras – Wiesenlieschgras – Italian
coda di topo – fleolo – Japanese Rōmaji
ō-awagaeri – Portuguese
capim-timóteo – rabo-de-gato – Spanish
cola de topo – timoti – Swedish
timotej – Transcribed Chinese
ti mu cao – Transcribed Korean
keunjoajaebi – timosi –
Distribution
order_code | Status | Continent | Subcontinent | Country | State | Note |
1 | Native | | | | | |
1 | Native | Africa | Northern Africa | Algeria | | n. |
1 | Native | Africa | Northern Africa | Egypt | | |
1 | Native | Africa | Northern Africa | Morocco | | |
1 | Native | Africa | Northern Africa | Tunisia | | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Caucasus | Armenia | | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Caucasus | Azerbaijan | | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Caucasus | Georgia | | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Caucasus | Russian Federation | Dagestan | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Caucasus | Russian Federation-Ciscaucasia | Ciscaucasia | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | China | China | | n. |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Middle Asia | Kazakhstan | | s.e. |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Middle Asia | Kyrgyzstan | | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Mongolia | Mongolia | | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Siberia | Russian Federation | Altay | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Siberia | Russian Federation | Buryatia | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Siberia | Russian Federation | Gorno-Altay | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Siberia | Russian Federation | Chita | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Siberia | Russian Federation | Irkutsk | s. |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Siberia | Russian Federation | Kemerovo | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Siberia | Russian Federation | Krasnoyarsk | s. |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Siberia | Russian Federation | Kurgan | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Siberia | Russian Federation | Novosibirsk | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Siberia | Russian Federation | Omsk | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Siberia | Russian Federation | Tomsk | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Siberia | Russian Federation | Tuva | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Siberia | Russian Federation | Tyumen | s. |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Siberia | Russian Federation | Yakutia-Sakha | s. |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Western Asia | Iran | | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Western Asia | Iraq | | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Western Asia | Turkey | | |
1 | Native | Asia-Tropical | Indian Subcontinent | India | | n. |
1 | Native | Asia-Tropical | Indian Subcontinent | Pakistan | | n. |
1 | Native | Europe | Eastern Europe | Belarus | | |
1 | Native | Europe | Eastern Europe | Estonia | | |
1 | Native | Europe | Eastern Europe | Latvia | | |
1 | Native | Europe | Eastern Europe | Lithuania | | |
1 | Native | Europe | Eastern Europe | Moldova | | |
1 | Native | Europe | Eastern Europe | Russian Federation | Saratov | |
1 | Native | Europe | Eastern Europe | Russian Federation | Volgograd | |
1 | Native | Europe | Eastern Europe | Russian Federation-European part | European part | |
1 | Native | Europe | Eastern Europe | Ukraine | | incl. Krym |
1 | Native | Europe | Middle Europe | Austria | | |
1 | Native | Europe | Middle Europe | Belgium | | |
1 | Native | Europe | Middle Europe | Czech Republic | | |
1 | Native | Europe | Middle Europe | Germany | | |
1 | Native | Europe | Middle Europe | Hungary | | |
1 | Native | Europe | Middle Europe | Poland | | |
1 | Native | Europe | Middle Europe | Slovakia | | |
1 | Native | Europe | Middle Europe | Switzerland | | |
1 | Native | Europe | Northern Europe | Denmark | | |
1 | Native | Europe | Northern Europe | Finland | | |
1 | Native | Europe | Northern Europe | Norway | | |
1 | Native | Europe | Northern Europe | Sweden | | |
1 | Native | Europe | Northern Europe | United Kingdom | | |
1 | Native | Europe | Southeastern Europe | Albania | | |
1 | Native | Europe | Southeastern Europe | Bulgaria | | |
1 | Native | Europe | Southeastern Europe | Croatia | | |
1 | Native | Europe | Southeastern Europe | Greece | | |
1 | Native | Europe | Southeastern Europe | Italy | | incl. Sardinia, Sicily |
1 | Native | Europe | Southeastern Europe | Serbia | | |
1 | Native | Europe | Southeastern Europe | Slovenia | | |
1 | Native | Europe | Southwestern Europe | France | | incl. Corsica |
1 | Native | Europe | Southwestern Europe | Portugal | | |
1 | Native | Europe | Southwestern Europe | Spain | | |
2 | Cultivated | Asia-Temperate | Eastern Asia | Japan | | |
2 | Cultivated | Asia-Tropical | Indian Subcontinent | Bhutan | | |
2 | Cultivated | Europe | Northern Europe | Finland | | |
2 | Cultivated | Northern America | | Canada | | |
4 | Naturalized | Africa | Western Indian Ocean | Mauritius | | |
4 | Naturalized | Australasia | Australia | Australia | | |
4 | Naturalized | Australasia | New Zealand | New Zealand | | |
4 | Naturalized | Northern America | | Canada | | |
4 | Naturalized | Northern America | | Mexico | | |
4 | Naturalized | Northern America | | United States | | |
4 | Naturalized | Northern America | Subarctic America | Greenland | | |
4 | Naturalized | Pacific | North-Central Pacific | United States | Hawaii | |
4 | Naturalized | Southern America | Caribbean | West Indies | | |
4 | Naturalized | Southern America | Southern South America | Argentina | | |
4 | Naturalized | Southern America | Southern South America | Chile | | |
4 | Naturalized | Southern America | Southern South America | Uruguay | | |
4 | Naturalized | Southern America | Western South America | Peru | | |
Native
Africa
-
NORTHERN AFRICA:
Algeria (n.), Egypt, Morocco, Tunisia
Asia-Temperate
-
WESTERN ASIA:
Iran, Iraq, Turkey
-
CAUCASUS:
Russian Federation-Ciscaucasia [Ciscaucasia], Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Russian Federation [Dagestan]
-
SIBERIA:
Russian Federation [Buryatia, Gorno-Altay, Tuva, Yakutia-Sakha (s.), Altay, Krasnoyarsk (s.), Chita, Irkutsk (s.), Kemerovo, Kurgan, Novosibirsk, Omsk, Tomsk, Tyumen (s.)]
-
MIDDLE ASIA:
Kazakhstan (s.e.), Kyrgyzstan
-
MONGOLIA:
Mongolia
-
CHINA:
China (n.)
Asia-Tropical
-
INDIAN SUBCONTINENT:
India (n.), Pakistan (n.)
Europe
-
NORTHERN EUROPE:
Denmark, Finland, United Kingdom, Norway, Sweden
-
MIDDLE EUROPE:
Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Switzerland, Poland, Slovakia
-
EASTERN EUROPE:
Russian Federation-European part [European part], Belarus, Estonia, Lithuania, Latvia, Moldova, Russian Federation [Saratov, Volgograd], Ukraine (incl. Krym)
-
SOUTHEASTERN EUROPE:
Albania, Bulgaria, Greece, Croatia, Italy (incl. Sardinia, Sicily), Serbia, Slovenia
-
SOUTHWESTERN EUROPE:
Spain, France (incl. Corsica), Portugal
Cultivated
Asia-Temperate
Asia-Tropical
-
INDIAN SUBCONTINENT:
Bhutan
Europe
Northern America
Naturalized
Africa
-
WESTERN INDIAN OCEAN:
Mauritius
Australasia
-
AUSTRALIA:
Australia
-
NEW ZEALAND:
New Zealand
Northern America
-
SUBARCTIC AMERICA:
Greenland
-
REGION:
Canada, Mexico, United States
Pacific
-
NORTH-CENTRAL PACIFIC:
United States [Hawaii]
Southern America
-
CARIBBEAN:
West Indies
-
WESTERN SOUTH AMERICA:
Peru
-
SOUTHERN SOUTH AMERICA:
Argentina, Chile, Uruguay
Economic Uses
Usage | Type | Note | Reference |
Animal food | fodder | | Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964-1980. Flora europaea. Note: with two subspecies |
Animal food | fodder | | Hitchcock, A. S. 1950. Manual of the grasses of the United States, ed. 2. |
Animal food | fodder | | Markle, G. M. et al., eds. 1998. Food and feed crops of the United States, ed. 2 |
Animal food | fodder | | Weber, E. 2003. Invasive plant species of the world: a reference guide to environmental weeds |
Animal food | forage | | Hitchcock, A. S. 1950. Manual of the grasses of the United States, ed. 2. |
Animal food | forage | | Markle, G. M. et al., eds. 1998. Food and feed crops of the United States, ed. 2 |
Animal food | forage | | Weber, E. 2003. Invasive plant species of the world: a reference guide to environmental weeds |
Environmental | erosion control | | Gilbert, L. 2002. pers. comm. |
Environmental | soil improver | | Gilbert, L. 2002. pers. comm. |
Vertebrate poisons | mammals | common cause of hay fever | Huxley, A., ed. 1992. The new Royal Horticultural Society dictionary of gardening |
Weed | potential seed contaminant | | Seed Regulatory and Testing Division, Agricultural Marketing Service, U.S.D.A. State noxious-weed seed requirements recognized in the administration of the Federal Seed Act (updated annually). |
Weed | potential seed contaminant | | Weber, E. 2003. Invasive plant species of the world: a reference guide to environmental weeds |
Cite as: USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Plant Germplasm System.
2023. Germplasm Resources Information Network
(GRIN Taxonomy). National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
URL: https://grinczech.vurv.cz/gringlobal/taxon/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=28019.
Accessed 30 May 2023.