Taxon: Phleum pratense L.

Summary

Genus:

Phleum

Family:

Poaceae (alt. Gramineae)

Subfamily:

Pooideae

Tribe:

Poeae

Subtribe:

Phleinae

Nomen number:

28019

Place of publication:

Sp. pl. 1:59. 1753

Protologue link:

https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/358078

Typification:

View in Linnean Typification Project

Verified:

05/12/1992 ARS Systematic Botanists.

Accessions:

198 (149 active, 142 available) in National Plant Germplasm System. (Map it)

Other conspecific taxa

Autonyms (not in current use), synonyms and invalid designations

Autonym(s)
Phleum pratense L. subsp. pratense
Phleum pratense L. var. pratense

Heterotypic Synonym(s)
Phleum intermedium Jord.
Phleum pratense L. f. parnassicum Boiss.

No images

Reference(s)

University of Georgia Center for Invasive Species and Ecosystem Health
Afonin, A. N., S. L. Greene, N. I. Dzyubenko, & A. N. Frolov, eds. Interactive agricultural ecological atlas of Russia and neighboring countries. Economic plants and their diseases, pests and weeds (on-line resource).
Aldén, B., S. Ryman, & M. Hjertson. 2012. Svensk Kulturväxtdatabas, SKUD (Swedish Cultivated and Utility Plants Database; online resource)
Alderson, J. & W. C. Sharp. 1995. Grass varieties in the United States, U.S.D.A. Agric. Handb. 170, rev. ed. CRC Press. Note: Revised version of AH 170
APHIS. Agricultural Risk Management System United States Department of Agriculture.
Ashikaga, K. et al. 2012. Evaluating the genotype × nitrogen fertilization interaction on the nutritive value of the first crop in timothy (Phleum pratense L.) clones. Grassland Sci. 58:37-41.
Bor, N. L. 1960. The grasses of Burma, Ceylon, India, and Pakistan.
Davis, P. H., ed. 1965-1988. Flora of Turkey and the east Aegean islands.
Demilly, D. et al. 1996. Liste alphabétique des principales espèces de plantes cultivées et de mauvaises herbes. Noms latins et noms français, ed. 6. Note: GEVES-SNES, Beaucouzé, France
Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
Fedorov, A. A., ed. 1999-. Flora of Russia. The European part and bordering regions (Engl. transl.).
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). 2010. Ecocrop (on-line resource).
Forzza, R. C. et al., coord. Lista de espécies da flora do Brasil (on-line resource). Note: unknown in the country
Gilbert, L. 2002. pers. comm.
Grierson, A. J. C. & D. J. Long. 1984-. Flora of Bhutan including a record of plants from Sikkim.
Hanson, C. G. & J. L. Manson. 1985. Bird seed aliens in Britain. Watsonia 15:237-252.
Hitchcock, A. S. 1950. Manual of the grasses of the United States, ed. 2.
Hoang, H.-D. et al. 1997. Additional notes to the checklist of Korean cultivated plants (5). Consolidated summary and indexes. Genet. Resources Crop Evol. 44:367.
Howell, C. J. & J. W. D. Sawyer. 2006. New Zealand naturalised vascular plant checklist
Huxley, A., ed. 1992. The new Royal Horticultural Society dictionary of gardening
Instituto de Botánica Darwinion. 2008. Flora del Conosur. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares. Note: adventive
Integrated Botanical Information System (IBIS). Australian plant common name database (on-line resource).
International Seed Testing Association. 1982. A Multilingual Glossary of Common Plant-Names 1. Field crops, grasses and vegetables, ed. 2.
Kartesz, J. T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. Note: with two subspecies
Koyama, T. 1987. Grasses of Japan and its neighboring regions 202.
Krasnoborov, I. M., ed. 2000-. Flora of Siberia (English translation)
Markle, G. M. et al., eds. 1998. Food and feed crops of the United States, ed. 2
Mun-Chan, B. et al. 1986. A checklist of the Korean cultivated plants. Kulturpflanze 34:117.
Ohwi, J. 1965. Flora of Japan (Engl. ed.).
Randall, R. P. 2007. The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status.
Rechinger, K. H., ed. 1963-. Flora iranica.
Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
Seed Regulatory and Testing Division, Agricultural Marketing Service, U.S.D.A. State noxious-weed seed requirements recognized in the administration of the Federal Seed Act (updated annually).
Skvortsov, A. K., ed. 2006. Flora of the Lower Volga region 1:153-154.
Soreng, R. J. et al. 2003. Catalogue of New World grasses (Poaceae): IV. Subfamily Pooideae. Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 48:493.
Stewart, A. V. et al. 2009. Genomic and geographic origins of Timothy (Phleum sp.) based on ITS and chloroplast sequences. Molecular breeding of forage and turf 71-80. Note: this study discussed the origin and distribution of 2x, 4x, 6x and 8x populations recognized in two subspecies
Tanaka, T. et al. 2011. DNA profiling of seed parents and topcross tester and its application for yield improvement in Timothy (Phleum pratense L.). Crop Sci. (Madison) 51:612-620.
Townsend, C. C. & E. Guest. 1966-. Flora of Iraq. Note: mentions
Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964-1980. Flora europaea. Note: with two subspecies
Tzvelev, N. N. 1976. Zlaki SSSR
Wagner, W. L. et al. Flora of the Hawaiian Islands (on-line resource).
Weber, E. 2003. Invasive plant species of the world: a reference guide to environmental weeds
Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
2018. Mid-Atlantic invasive plant species (on-line resource)

Common names

LANGUAGE	NAME	SEQ	CITATION
English	meadow cat's-tail	1	Huxley, A., ed. 1992. The new Royal Horticultural Society dictionary of gardening
English	timothy	1	Wiersema, J. H. & B. León. 1999. World economic plants: a standard reference CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
English	timothy grass	1	Integrated Botanical Information System (IBIS). Australian plant common name database (on-line resource).
French	fléole des près	2	Demilly, D. et al. 1996. Liste alphabétique des principales espèces de plantes cultivées et de mauvaises herbes. Noms latins et noms français, ed. 6. Note: GEVES-SNES, Beaucouzé, France
German	Timotheegras	2	Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
German	Wiesenlieschgras	2	Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
Italian	coda di topo	2	International Seed Testing Association. 1982. A Multilingual Glossary of Common Plant-Names 1. Field crops, grasses and vegetables, ed. 2.
Italian	fleolo	2	International Seed Testing Association. 1982. A Multilingual Glossary of Common Plant-Names 1. Field crops, grasses and vegetables, ed. 2.
Japanese Rōmaji	ō-awagaeri	2	Ohwi, J. 1965. Flora of Japan (Engl. ed.).
Portuguese	capim-timóteo	2	Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
Portuguese	rabo-de-gato	2	Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
Spanish	cola de topo	2	Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
Spanish	timoti	2	Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
Swedish	timotej	2	Aldén, B., S. Ryman, & M. Hjertson. 2012. Svensk Kulturväxtdatabas, SKUD (Swedish Cultivated and Utility Plants Database; online resource)
Transcribed Chinese	ti mu cao	2	Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
Transcribed Korean	keunjoajaebi	2	Hoang, H.-D. et al. 1997. Additional notes to the checklist of Korean cultivated plants (5). Consolidated summary and indexes. Genet. Resources Crop Evol. 44:367.
Transcribed Korean	timosi	2	Mun-Chan, B. et al. 1986. A checklist of the Korean cultivated plants. Kulturpflanze 34:117.

Distribution

order_code	Status	Continent	Subcontinent	Country	State	Note
1	Native			Romania
1	Native	Africa	Northern Africa	Algeria		n.
1	Native	Africa	Northern Africa	Egypt
1	Native	Africa	Northern Africa	Morocco
1	Native	Africa	Northern Africa	Tunisia
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Caucasus	Armenia
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Caucasus	Azerbaijan
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Caucasus	Georgia
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Caucasus	Russian Federation	Dagestan
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Caucasus	Russian Federation-Ciscaucasia	Ciscaucasia
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	China	China		n.
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Middle Asia	Kazakhstan		s.e.
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Middle Asia	Kyrgyzstan
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Mongolia	Mongolia
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Siberia	Russian Federation	Altay
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Siberia	Russian Federation	Buryatia
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Siberia	Russian Federation	Gorno-Altay
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Siberia	Russian Federation	Chita
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Siberia	Russian Federation	Irkutsk	s.
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Siberia	Russian Federation	Kemerovo
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Siberia	Russian Federation	Krasnoyarsk	s.
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Siberia	Russian Federation	Kurgan
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Siberia	Russian Federation	Novosibirsk
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Siberia	Russian Federation	Omsk
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Siberia	Russian Federation	Tomsk
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Siberia	Russian Federation	Tuva
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Siberia	Russian Federation	Tyumen	s.
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Siberia	Russian Federation	Yakutia-Sakha	s.
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Western Asia	Iran
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Western Asia	Iraq
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Western Asia	Turkey
1	Native	Asia-Tropical	Indian Subcontinent	India		n.
1	Native	Asia-Tropical	Indian Subcontinent	Pakistan		n.
1	Native	Europe	Eastern Europe	Belarus
1	Native	Europe	Eastern Europe	Estonia
1	Native	Europe	Eastern Europe	Latvia
1	Native	Europe	Eastern Europe	Lithuania
1	Native	Europe	Eastern Europe	Moldova
1	Native	Europe	Eastern Europe	Russian Federation	Saratov
1	Native	Europe	Eastern Europe	Russian Federation	Volgograd
1	Native	Europe	Eastern Europe	Russian Federation-European part	European part
1	Native	Europe	Eastern Europe	Ukraine		incl. Krym
1	Native	Europe	Middle Europe	Austria
1	Native	Europe	Middle Europe	Belgium
1	Native	Europe	Middle Europe	Czech Republic
1	Native	Europe	Middle Europe	Germany
1	Native	Europe	Middle Europe	Hungary
1	Native	Europe	Middle Europe	Poland
1	Native	Europe	Middle Europe	Slovakia
1	Native	Europe	Middle Europe	Switzerland
1	Native	Europe	Northern Europe	Denmark
1	Native	Europe	Northern Europe	Finland
1	Native	Europe	Northern Europe	Norway
1	Native	Europe	Northern Europe	Sweden
1	Native	Europe	Northern Europe	United Kingdom
1	Native	Europe	Southeastern Europe	Albania
1	Native	Europe	Southeastern Europe	Bulgaria
1	Native	Europe	Southeastern Europe	Croatia
1	Native	Europe	Southeastern Europe	Greece
1	Native	Europe	Southeastern Europe	Italy		incl. Sardinia, Sicily
1	Native	Europe	Southeastern Europe	Serbia
1	Native	Europe	Southeastern Europe	Slovenia
1	Native	Europe	Southwestern Europe	France		incl. Corsica
1	Native	Europe	Southwestern Europe	Portugal
1	Native	Europe	Southwestern Europe	Spain
2	Cultivated	Asia-Temperate	Eastern Asia	Japan
2	Cultivated	Asia-Tropical	Indian Subcontinent	Bhutan
2	Cultivated	Europe	Northern Europe	Finland
2	Cultivated	Northern America		Canada
4	Naturalized	Africa	Western Indian Ocean	Mauritius
4	Naturalized	Australasia	Australia	Australia
4	Naturalized	Australasia	New Zealand	New Zealand
4	Naturalized	Northern America		Canada
4	Naturalized	Northern America		Mexico
4	Naturalized	Northern America		United States
4	Naturalized	Northern America	Subarctic America	Greenland
4	Naturalized	Pacific	North-Central Pacific	United States	Hawaii
4	Naturalized	Southern America	Caribbean	West Indies
4	Naturalized	Southern America	Southern South America	Argentina
4	Naturalized	Southern America	Southern South America	Chile
4	Naturalized	Southern America	Southern South America	Uruguay
4	Naturalized	Southern America	Western South America	Peru

Native

REGION:

Africa

NORTHERN AFRICA: Algeria (n.), Egypt, Morocco, Tunisia

Asia-Temperate

WESTERN ASIA: Iran, Iraq, Turkey
CAUCASUS: Russian Federation-Ciscaucasia [Ciscaucasia], Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Russian Federation [Dagestan]
SIBERIA: Russian Federation [Altay, Buryatia, Gorno-Altay, Chita, Irkutsk (s.), Kemerovo, Krasnoyarsk (s.), Kurgan, Novosibirsk, Omsk, Tomsk, Tuva, Tyumen (s.), Yakutia-Sakha (s.)]
MIDDLE ASIA: Kazakhstan (s.e.), Kyrgyzstan
MONGOLIA: Mongolia
CHINA: China (n.)

Asia-Tropical

INDIAN SUBCONTINENT: India (n.), Pakistan (n.)

Europe

NORTHERN EUROPE: Denmark, Finland, United Kingdom, Norway, Sweden
MIDDLE EUROPE: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Switzerland, Poland, Slovakia
EASTERN EUROPE: Russian Federation-European part [European part], Belarus, Estonia, Lithuania, Latvia, Moldova, Russian Federation [Saratov, Volgograd], Ukraine (incl. Krym)
SOUTHEASTERN EUROPE: Albania, Bulgaria, Greece, Croatia, Italy (incl. Sardinia, Sicily), Serbia, Slovenia
SOUTHWESTERN EUROPE: Spain, France (incl. Corsica), Portugal

Cultivated
Asia-Temperate

EASTERN ASIA: Japan

Asia-Tropical

INDIAN SUBCONTINENT: Bhutan

Europe

NORTHERN EUROPE: Finland

Northern America

REGION: Canada

Naturalized
Africa

WESTERN INDIAN OCEAN: Mauritius

Australasia

AUSTRALIA: Australia
NEW ZEALAND: New Zealand

Northern America

SUBARCTIC AMERICA: Greenland
REGION: Canada, Mexico, United States

Pacific

NORTH-CENTRAL PACIFIC: United States [Hawaii]

Southern America

CARIBBEAN: West Indies
WESTERN SOUTH AMERICA: Peru
SOUTHERN SOUTH AMERICA: Argentina, Chile, Uruguay

Economic Uses

Usage	Type	Note	Reference
Animal food	fodder		Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964-1980. Flora europaea. Note: with two subspecies
Animal food	fodder		Hitchcock, A. S. 1950. Manual of the grasses of the United States, ed. 2.
Animal food	fodder		Markle, G. M. et al., eds. 1998. Food and feed crops of the United States, ed. 2
Animal food	fodder		Weber, E. 2003. Invasive plant species of the world: a reference guide to environmental weeds
Animal food	forage		Hitchcock, A. S. 1950. Manual of the grasses of the United States, ed. 2.
Animal food	forage		Markle, G. M. et al., eds. 1998. Food and feed crops of the United States, ed. 2
Animal food	forage		Weber, E. 2003. Invasive plant species of the world: a reference guide to environmental weeds
Environmental	erosion control		Gilbert, L. 2002. pers. comm.
Environmental	soil improver		Gilbert, L. 2002. pers. comm.
Vertebrate poisons	mammals	common cause of hay fever	Huxley, A., ed. 1992. The new Royal Horticultural Society dictionary of gardening
Weed	potential seed contaminant		Seed Regulatory and Testing Division, Agricultural Marketing Service, U.S.D.A. State noxious-weed seed requirements recognized in the administration of the Federal Seed Act (updated annually).
Weed	potential seed contaminant		Weber, E. 2003. Invasive plant species of the world: a reference guide to environmental weeds

Cite as: USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Plant Germplasm System. 2023. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN Taxonomy). National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
URL: https://grinczech.vurv.cz/gringlobal/taxon/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=28019. Accessed 7 December 2023.