Taxon:  Brassica rapa L. subsp. oleifera (DC.) Metzg. (Brassica rapa Turnip Rape Group)



Summary
Genus:
Brassica
Family:
Brassicaceae (alt. Cruciferae)
Tribe:
Brassiceae
Nomen number:
319648
Place of publication:
Syst. Beschr. Kohlart. 49.  1833
Comment:
[or Brassica rapa Turnip Rape Group]
Verified:
06/04/2010 ARS Systematic Botanists.
Accessions:
94 (82  active, 79  available) in National Plant Germplasm System.  (Map it)
Other conspecific taxa
Brassica rapa L. (0 active accession[s])
Brassica rapa L. f. rapa (0 active accession[s])
Brassica rapa L. subsp. chinensis (L.) Hanelt (8 active accession[s])
Brassica rapa L. subsp. chinensis (L.) Hanelt var. parachinensis (L. H. Bailey) Hanelt (0 active accession[s])
Brassica rapa L. subsp. chinensis (L.) Hanelt var. purpuraria (L. H. Bailey) Kitam. (0 active accession[s])
Brassica rapa L. subsp. dichotoma (Roxb.) Hanelt (0 active accession[s])
Brassica rapa L. subsp. japonica Shebalina (0 active accession[s])
Brassica rapa L. subsp. narinosa (L. H. Bailey) Hanelt (0 active accession[s])
Brassica rapa L. subsp. nipposinica (L. H. Bailey) Hanelt (0 active accession[s])
Brassica rapa L. subsp. nipposinica (L. H. Bailey) Hanelt var. perviridis L. H. Bailey (4 active accession[s])
Brassica rapa L. subsp. oleifera (DC.) Metzg. f. annua (Metzg.) Thell. (0 active accession[s])
Brassica rapa L. subsp. oleifera (DC.) Metzg. f. biennis (Metzg.) Thell. (0 active accession[s])
Brassica rapa L. subsp. oleifera (DC.) Metzg. var. ruvo (L. H. Bailey) Gladis & K. Hammer (0 active accession[s])
Brassica rapa L. subsp. pekinensis (Lour.) Hanelt (28 active accession[s])
Brassica rapa L. subsp. rapa (6 active accession[s])
Brassica rapa L. subsp. trilocularis (Roxb.) Hanelt (0 active accession[s])
Brassica rapa L. var. rapa (0 active accession[s])
Reference(s)
  1. APHIS. Agricultural Risk Management System United States Department of Agriculture.
  2. Botanical Society of the British Isles. BSBI taxon database (on-line resource).
  3. Cheng, B. F. et al. 2001. Low glucosinolate Brassica juncea breeding line revealed to be nullisomic. Genome 44:738.
  4. Chrungu, B. et al. 1999. Production and characterization of interspecific hybrids between Brassica maurorum and crop brassicas. Theor. Appl. Genet. 98:608-613.
  5. Erhardt, W. et al. 2008. Der große Zander: Enzyklopädie der Pflanzennamen 2:1254.
  6. Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
  7. Garg, H. et al. 2007. Hybridizing Brassica rapa with wild crucifers Diplotaxis erucoides and Brassica maurorum. Euphytica 156:417-424. Note: Netherlands journal of plant breeding
  8. Hanelt, P., ed. 2001. Mansfeld's encyclopedia of agricultural and horticultural crops. Volumes 1-6
  9. Hegi, G. et al. 1986. Illustrierte Flora von Mittel-Europa 4(1):457. Note: treats under Brassica rapa var. silvestris (Lam.) Briggs
  10. Mansfeld, R. 1959. Die Kulturpflanze, Beiheft 2.
  11. Markle, G. M. et al., eds. 1998. Food and feed crops of the United States, ed. 2
  12. McFerson, J. 1994. pers. comm. Note: re. common names
  13. Musil, A. F. 1948. Distinguishing species of Brassica by their seeds. Misc. Publ. Bur. Pl. Industr. U.S.D.A. 643:1-35.
  14. Olsson, G. 1954. Crosses within the campestris group of the genus Brassica. Hereditas (Beijing) 40:414. Note: = Brassica campestris subsp. oleifera (Metzg.) Sinsk.
  15. Porcher, M. H. et al. Searchable World Wide Web Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database (MMPND) (on-line resource).
  16. Prakash, S. & K. Hinata. 1980. Taxonomy, cytogenetics and origin of crop brassicas, a review. Opera Bot. 55:12-13. Note: = Brassica campestris subsp. oleifera (Metzg.) Sinsk.
  17. Song, K. et al. 1988. Brassica taxonomy based on nuclear restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs). 1. Genome evolution of diploid and amphidiploid species. Theor. Appl. Genet. 75:784-794.
  18. Song, K. et al. 1988. Brassica taxonomy based on nuclear restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs). 2. Preliminary analysis of subspecies within B. rapa (syn. campestris) and B. oleracea. Theor. Appl. Genet. 76:593-600.
  19. Stace, C. 1995. New flora of the British Isles.
  20. Takuno, S. et al. 2010. Assessment of genetic diversity of accessions in Brassicaceae genetic resources by frequency distribution analysis of S haplotypes. Theor. Appl. Genet. 120:1129-1138.
  21. Turrill, W. B. et al., eds. 1952-. Flora of tropical East Africa. Note: mentions; lists as Brassica rapa subsp. oleifera DC.
  22. Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1993. Flora europaea, ed. 2. Note: mentions; lists as Brassica rapa subsp. oleifera DC.
  23. University of Idaho. 2010. Brassica breeding and research goals. Note: re. potential use as fuel
  24. Velasco, L. et al. 1998. Variability for the fatty acid composition of the seed oil in a germplasm collection of the genus Brassica. Genet. Resources Crop Evol. 45:371-382.
  25. Warwick, S. I. et al. 2006. Brassicaceae: Species checklist and database on CD-Rom. Pl. Syst. Evol. 259:249-258. Note: lists in database
  26. Warwick, S. I. et al. 2008. AFLP-based molecular characterization of Brassica rapa and diversity in Canadian spring turnip rape cultivars. Pl. Genet. Resources Charact. Util. 6:11-21.
  27. Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition). Note: = Brassica rapa var. oleifera DC.
  28. Young, R. 1996. pers. comm. Note: re. common names
  29. Zhao, J. et al. 2005. Genetic relationships within Brassica rapa as inferred from AFLP fingerprints. Theor. Appl. Genet. 110:1301-1314.
Common names
LANGUAGENAMEALTERNATE NAMENOTESEQCITATION
English bird rape as B. campestris "annual turnip-rape" 1 Musil, A. F. 1948. Distinguishing species of Brassica by their seeds. Misc. Publ. Bur. Pl. Industr. U.S.D.A. 643:1-35.
English canola 1 Young, R. 1996. pers. comm. Note: re. common names
English colza as B. rapa subsp. oleifera 1 Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
English field mustard 1 University of California Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education Program. UC SAREP on-line cover crop database (on-line resource). Note: lists as Brassica campestris L.
English Polish canola 1 Cheng, B. F. et al. 2001. Low glucosinolate Brassica juncea breeding line revealed to be nullisomic. Genome 44:738.
English turnip rape 1 Botanical Society of the British Isles. BSBI taxon database (on-line resource).
English wild turnip 1 Stace, C. 1995. New flora of the British Isles.
French navette as B. rapa var. silvestris 2 Mansfeld, R. 1959. Die Kulturpflanze, Beiheft 2. Note: = Brassica rapa var. silvestris
German Rübsaat 2 Erhardt, W. et al. 2008. Der große Zander: Enzyklopädie der Pflanzennamen 2:1254.
German Rübsen as B. rapa var. silvestris 2 Mansfeld, R. 1959. Die Kulturpflanze, Beiheft 2. Note: = Brassica rapa var. silvestris
Chinese yun tai 芸苔 2 Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition). Note: = Brassica rapa var. oleifera DC.
Italian ravizzone 2 Hanelt, P., ed. 2001. Mansfeld's encyclopedia of agricultural and horticultural crops. Volumes 1-6
Japanese Rōmaji natane 2 McFerson, J. 1994. pers. comm. Note: re. common names
Portuguese (Brazil) nabo-selvagem 2 Groth, D. 2005. pers. comm. Note: re. Brazilian common names
Portuguese (Brazil) nabo-silvestre 2 Groth, D. 2005. pers. comm. Note: re. Brazilian common names
Spanish nabina 2 Office of the Union. 2009. UPOV: International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants. List of the taxa protected by the members of the Union
Swedish åkerkål 2 Aldén, B., S. Ryman, & M. Hjertson. 2012. Svensk Kulturväxtdatabas, SKUD (Swedish Cultivated and Utility Plants Database; online resource)
Distribution
order_codeStatusContinentSubcontinentCountryStateNote
2Cultivated    widely cult.
3AdventiveAfricaEast Tropical AfricaKenya  
3AdventiveAfricaEast Tropical AfricaTanzania  
3AdventiveAfricaEast Tropical AfricaUganda  
3AdventiveAfricaNortheast Tropical AfricaEritrea  
3AdventiveAfricaNortheast Tropical AfricaEthiopia  
3AdventiveAfricaSouth Tropical AfricaMozambique  
3AdventiveAfricaSouth Tropical AfricaZimbabwe  
3AdventiveAsia-TropicalIndian SubcontinentIndia  
3AdventiveAsia-TropicalIndian SubcontinentPakistan  
3AdventiveSouthern AmericaBrazilBrazil  
3AdventiveSouthern AmericaCaribbeanBarbados  
3AdventiveSouthern AmericaCaribbeanGuadeloupe  
3AdventiveSouthern AmericaCaribbeanMartinique  
4Naturalized  Romania  
4NaturalizedAfricaNorthern AfricaAlgeria  
4NaturalizedAfricaNorthern AfricaLibya  
4NaturalizedAfricaNorthern AfricaMorocco  
4NaturalizedAfricaNorthern AfricaTunisia  
4NaturalizedAfricaSouthern AfricaSouth Africa  
4NaturalizedAsia-TemperateCaucasusArmenia  
4NaturalizedAsia-TemperateCaucasusAzerbaijan  
4NaturalizedAsia-TemperateCaucasusGeorgia  
4NaturalizedAsia-TemperateCaucasusRussian FederationDagestan 
4NaturalizedAsia-TemperateCaucasusRussian Federation-CiscaucasiaCiscaucasia 
4NaturalizedAsia-TemperateMiddle AsiaKazakhstan  
4NaturalizedAsia-TemperateMiddle AsiaKyrgyzstan  
4NaturalizedAsia-TemperateMiddle AsiaTajikistan  
4NaturalizedAsia-TemperateMiddle AsiaTurkmenistan  
4NaturalizedAsia-TemperateMiddle AsiaUzbekistan  
4NaturalizedAsia-TemperateMongoliaMongolia  
4NaturalizedAsia-TemperateRussian Far EastRussian Federation-Far EastFar East 
4NaturalizedAsia-TemperateSiberiaRussian Federation-Eastern SiberiaEastern Siberia 
4NaturalizedAsia-TemperateSiberiaRussian Federation-Western SiberiaWestern Siberia 
4NaturalizedAustralasiaAustraliaAustralia  
4NaturalizedAustralasiaNew ZealandNew Zealand  
4NaturalizedEuropeEastern EuropeBelarus  
4NaturalizedEuropeEastern EuropeEstonia  
4NaturalizedEuropeEastern EuropeLatvia  
4NaturalizedEuropeEastern EuropeLithuania  
4NaturalizedEuropeEastern EuropeRussian Federation-European partEuropean part 
4NaturalizedEuropeEastern EuropeUkraine incl. Krym
4NaturalizedEuropeMiddle EuropeAustria  
4NaturalizedEuropeMiddle EuropeBelgium  
4NaturalizedEuropeMiddle EuropeCzech Republic  
4NaturalizedEuropeMiddle EuropeGermany  
4NaturalizedEuropeMiddle EuropeHungary  
4NaturalizedEuropeMiddle EuropeNetherlands  
4NaturalizedEuropeMiddle EuropePoland  
4NaturalizedEuropeMiddle EuropeSlovakia  
4NaturalizedEuropeMiddle EuropeSwitzerland  
4NaturalizedEuropeNorthern EuropeDenmark  
4NaturalizedEuropeNorthern EuropeFinland  
4NaturalizedEuropeNorthern EuropeIreland  
4NaturalizedEuropeNorthern EuropeNorway  
4NaturalizedEuropeNorthern EuropeSweden  
4NaturalizedEuropeNorthern EuropeUnited Kingdom  
4NaturalizedEuropeSoutheastern EuropeBosnia and Herzegovina  
4NaturalizedEuropeSoutheastern EuropeBulgaria  
4NaturalizedEuropeSoutheastern EuropeCroatia  
4NaturalizedEuropeSoutheastern EuropeGreece  
4NaturalizedEuropeSoutheastern EuropeItaly incl. Sardinia, Sicily
4NaturalizedEuropeSoutheastern EuropeMontenegro  
4NaturalizedEuropeSoutheastern EuropeNorth Macedonia  
4NaturalizedEuropeSoutheastern EuropeSerbia  
4NaturalizedEuropeSoutheastern EuropeSlovenia  
4NaturalizedEuropeSouthwestern EuropeFrance s.
4NaturalizedEuropeSouthwestern EuropeSpain incl. Baleares
4NaturalizedNorthern America Canada  
4NaturalizedNorthern America Mexico  
4NaturalizedNorthern America United States  
4NaturalizedPacificNorth-Central PacificUnited StatesHawaii 
4NaturalizedPacificSouthwestern PacificNew Caledonia  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaCaribbeanHispaniola  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaCentral AmericaNicaragua  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaSouthern South AmericaArgentina  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaSouthern South AmericaChile  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaSouthern South AmericaParaguayAlto Paraguay 
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaSouthern South AmericaUruguay  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaWestern South AmericaBolivia  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaWestern South AmericaEcuador  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaWestern South AmericaPeru  
6Other    widespread weed, probable origin Eurasia
Cultivated (widely cult.)
Adventive
Africa
  • NORTHEAST TROPICAL AFRICA: Eritrea, Ethiopia
  • EAST TROPICAL AFRICA: Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda
  • SOUTH TROPICAL AFRICA: Mozambique, Zimbabwe
Asia-Tropical
  • INDIAN SUBCONTINENT: India, Pakistan
Southern America
  • CARIBBEAN: Barbados, Guadeloupe, Martinique
  • BRAZIL: Brazil
Naturalized

  • REGION:
Africa
  • NORTHERN AFRICA: Algeria, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia
  • SOUTHERN AFRICA: South Africa
Asia-Temperate
  • CAUCASUS: Russian Federation-Ciscaucasia [Ciscaucasia], Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Russian Federation [Dagestan]
  • SIBERIA: Russian Federation-Western Siberia [Western Siberia], Russian Federation-Eastern Siberia [Eastern Siberia]
  • MIDDLE ASIA: Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan
  • MONGOLIA: Mongolia
  • RUSSIAN FAR EAST: Russian Federation-Far East [Far East]
Australasia
  • AUSTRALIA: Australia
  • NEW ZEALAND: New Zealand
Europe
  • NORTHERN EUROPE: Denmark, Finland, United Kingdom, Ireland, Norway, Sweden
  • MIDDLE EUROPE: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Switzerland, Netherlands, Poland, Slovakia
  • EASTERN EUROPE: Russian Federation-European part [European part], Belarus, Estonia, Lithuania, Latvia, Ukraine (incl. Krym)
  • SOUTHEASTERN EUROPE: Bulgaria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Greece, Croatia, Italy (incl. Sardinia, Sicily), North Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia, Slovenia
  • SOUTHWESTERN EUROPE: Spain (incl. Baleares), France (s.)
Northern America
  • REGION: Canada, Mexico, United States
Pacific
  • NORTH-CENTRAL PACIFIC: United States [Hawaii]
  • SOUTHWESTERN PACIFIC: New Caledonia
Southern America
  • CARIBBEAN: Hispaniola
  • CENTRAL AMERICA: Nicaragua
  • WESTERN SOUTH AMERICA: Bolivia, Ecuador, Peru
  • SOUTHERN SOUTH AMERICA: Argentina, Chile, Paraguay [Alto Paraguay], Uruguay
Other (widespread weed, probable origin Eurasia)
Economic Uses
UsageTypeNoteReference
Environmentalsoil improveras Brassica campestrisUniversity of California Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education Program. UC SAREP on-line cover crop database (on-line resource). Note: lists as Brassica campestris L.
Fuelspotential as petroleum substitute/alcoholfide http://www.ag.uidaho.edu/brassica/area_of_interest.htm,University of Idaho. 2010. Brassica breeding and research goals. Note: re. potential use as fuel
Harmful organism hostcrop diseasesas Brassica campestrisHolm, L. et al. 1997. World weeds: natural histories and distribution John Wiley & Sons, New York, New York. 123.
Harmful organism hostcrop pestsas Brassica campestrisHolm, L. et al. 1997. World weeds: natural histories and distribution John Wiley & Sons, New York, New York. 123.
Human foodoil/fat Hanelt, P., ed. 2001. Mansfeld's encyclopedia of agricultural and horticultural crops. Volumes 1-6
Medicinesfolklore Duke, J. A. et al. 2002. CRC Handbook of medicinal herbs
Vertebrate poisonsmammalsas Brassica campestrisCooper, M. R. & A. W. Johnson. 1998. Poisonous plants and fungi in Britain: animal and human poisoning
Weedpotential seed contaminantfide WorldWeeds 117. 1997, as Brassica campestrisHolm, L. et al. 1997. World weeds: natural histories and distribution John Wiley & Sons, New York, New York. 123.
Cite as: USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Plant Germplasm System. 2024. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN Taxonomy). National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
URL: https://grinczech.vurv.cz/gringlobal/taxon/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=319648. Accessed 21 November 2024.